Littering and pollution Essay Example

Littering and pollution Paper Littering is a problem in our society that is getting out of control. The population is constantly rising at a rate of 159 people per minute. It is easy to see how pollution and littering is rising with population. This relates to everyone because it affects us all in some way or another. I will explain what pollution is and where it comes from. Im going to tell you how pollution is slowly killing our society as well as environment. Will also tell you some possible nationwide and local solutions to this widespread problem. Body: I. Pollution is destructive for our society and its environment. A. What is pollution? I. Pollution is the State Of being polluted, especially the contamination Of soil, water, or the atmosphere by the discharge of harmful substances. B. How is litter and pollution destructive? I. The better question would be Why do we need to fix this problem? 1. We ill answer both of these questions. Ii. Pollution and litter are destructive to our society in many ways. 1 . Litter and pollution can harm the water supply. A. Water quality reports indicate that 45% percent of U . S. Streams, 47% of lakes, and 32% of bays are polluted. 2. Litter can attract unwanted pests to your local area, like opossums, rats, coyotes, and raccoons. A. Unwanted pests cause unwanted damage to your property. C. To find out how we can to fix this problem we need to find the source. I. Pollution and litter comes from many places. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Littering and pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Littering and pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Littering and pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In our society, litter comes from garbage, construction, and business sites. 2. In addition, it comes from 75% of Americans who admitted to littering in the past five years that dont think about the consequences of their actions. I. Do you think about what happens when you throw that little piece of trash out the car window? 1 . Probably not, but just take a second to think about that huge buck that was wandering along that ate some plastic wrapper you threw out and now you wont be able to hang his horns on your wall because he wobbled out into the middle of the woods and died. 2. How about that little puppy that is out in the yard when the little piece of trash blows over a fence and he swallows it down and suffocates. A. Actions have consequences, so think about all of the consequences your actions have. Transition: Now that we have talked about why littering is destructive and the source of this destruction, let us talk of possible ways we can fix the problem. II. There are some possible countrywide solutions. A. Country. Vide solutions would have to be easily transplanted into our society. I. I suggest that restaurants build compost boxes for food scraps. Those who build the boxes can receive tax breaks and give customers that use the compost box some kind of discount. A. This would cut down on food waste and help cut down on garbage related to food waste in restaurants. Ii. New businesses can create litterbugs that fits inside of cars in order to persuade people to stop throwing things out the window while driving down the road. 1. There can be a discount for people who use the litterbug. A. For every ten bags filled and recycled, there can be a certain amount of bags they get back free. B. There are local changes that can be proposed also. . In order to clean up the streets we could make cleaning fun. 1. For example, we could attach basketball hoops to waste cans in public. A. We could call this design Trash-Hoops and use them in the cities with the most awful pollution problems. B. This would force out the competitors in all Americans and make cleaning fun. I. There will be people who miss, but how many friends have you seen shoot a paper ball at the trash and miss, then get angry about their lack of skill, go pick up the paper then shoot it again. Ii. I propose that a new elective be made called Earth Conservation 1. In this class, students would be able to learn about conservation techniques and explore ways to cut down on waste. A. In addition, students would have the chance to practice the newly acquired knowledge and skills in their community. I. This would increase knowledge on the topic of littering and pollution, as well as benefit the community. C. There are changes being made today to help cut down on litter and pollution. I. For example, water bottles with filters help cut down on plastic bottles being thrown around and wasted. Ii. In addition, groups are ginning to form in local areas to help clean up trash and litter. Conclusion: To conclude, have told you what pollution is and how littering and pollution are destructive forces on the world. We have asked, How are they destructive? and we have found main sources of pollution. I have proposed that nationwide and local changes are made in order to help put a stop to littering and pollution. The restaurant compost boxes, litterbugs production, trash-hoops, and the elective Earth Conservation. There is a problem with the amount of pollution on the earth, I have only given some elution.

The attitudes, character and role of Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird Research Paper Example

The attitudes, character and role of Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird Research Paper Example The attitudes, character and role of Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird Paper The attitudes, character and role of Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird Paper Essay Topic: Literature Harper Lee uses the character of Atticus Finch as a mouthpiece for many of her moral ethics in her novel. He plays many roles within the novel; primarily as a father, then as a highly principled man, a respected citizen of a small town community, and finally as a lawyer trying to do his job as well as he can. As a father, Atticus is meticulous in the way he raises his children. He ensures that all the things that he wishes them to learn, in terms of morality, are always practised by himself and those around his children. For example, he gives Calpurnia the same amount of authority over the children as Atticus himself. This is portrayed when Scout grumbles about the epic and one-sided battles with Calpurnia, which Calpurnia always won, mainly because Atticus always took her side. Through this, we see that he has no feelings of inferiority toward the black community, and he treats them just the same as all other humans. As Scout and Jem have always grown up in her company, they grow up understanding that race and colour do not make any difference to the nature of any human being. He is also very concerned about the messages his children receive from everyone around and also from himself. This is shown when he is very reluctant to show the children his expertise with the shotgun, as he does not want them to think that courage is a man with a gun. He sends his own son to Mrs. Dubose, who is constantly critical of him, as he wants Jem to experience real courage as he has such a great respect for her courageous fight against her morphine addiction. He still goes in to see her, treats her courteously and always sweep[s] off his hat [and] wave[s] gallantly as he goes past. He brings up his children in a very liberal way, allowing them to openly question him about almost anything. He also allows them to form their own opinions, never forcing them to believe the same as him, but carefully coaxing and directing them towards the right thoughts and ideas. His theories on the way children should be raised are very different from others in his time, even to his own sisters, as they are known to have conflicting views. At one point, Scout finds him telling Aunt Alexandra I do the best I can. Atticus treats his children as more mature than other parents with children of the same age might. He is very open with them about the reasons for his fighting Tom Robinsons case, when many other adults would tell their children that they are not old enough to understand. Atticus thinks that it is better to simplify the situations a little and try to let them understand. He explains to Scout if I didnt, I couldnt hold my head up in townI couldnt even tell you or Jem not to do something again. This shows that he is willing to trust Scout although she is still young. He is exceptionally good at handling his children, because he seems to know how they think, and understands them. For example, during his conversation with Uncle Jack Atticus is fully aware that Scout is listening to every word that he is saying, and he seizes the opportunity to let Scout know some things that he would not otherwise be able to convey to her. He lets her know that he wants her to trust him and to come to [him] for [her] answers instead of listening to the town. Atticus also understands the importance of an education for his children, and he ensures that his children are well educated by assuring that they both go to school even when they do not want to. He has always made reading and books accessible to the children as Jem says Scout yonders been readin since she was born and Scout backs this up by saying I never loved to read. One does not love breathing. Both quotations indicate that reading is a very natural thing, and something that they are very accustomed to doing. The importance Scout places on her ability to read is made apparent on her first day at school, when the idea that she may no longer read leaves her feeling distraught. Again, Atticus intervenes, allaying her fears by reaching a compromise If youll concede the necessity to go to school, well go on reading every night just as we have. This is also an example of Atticus treating his children as equals as opposed to inferiors as he is willing to compromise with Scout, he does not dictate what will happen, he allows her to be a part of the decision making process. Atticus Finch is devoted to his children, and is determined to protect them all the way through the novel. The welfare of his children seems to be his only worry in taking on Tom Robinsons case. We realise his worries when he confides in his brother Jack, saying I hope and pray I can get Jem and Scout through this without bitterness He also tries to impress this fact upon Scout by imploring her to remember that were fighting our friends. But remember this, no matter how bitter things get, theyre still our friends and this is still our home. Scout and Jem both hold Atticus in great respect, and his words had so great an impact on Scout that dropped [her] fists and walked away from a fight for the first time as she could not bear to disappoint her father. He is very obviously respected by his children, but not always fully appreciated. Scout and Jem find it very hard to believe that their father can have any skills due to his age as Scout says that Atticus was feeble; he was nearly fifty. This lack of knowledge about his skills is shown in another of Scouts comments to Miss Maudie, Atticus cant do anything. This shows that although the children love and respect him greatly, they still find him lacking in at least one way. This opinion of hers is quickly dispelled by Miss Maudie, who is quick to spring to Atticuss defence trying to show that although Atticus is older than the parents of many of their peers, he is still a versatile man with many talents. As she is so persistent with her defence, it shows that Atticus is not only respected by his children but also by those around him and within his community. Miss Maudie has a great respect for Atticus, as do many people in the town. Atticus is respected all through Maycomb, by people from all the social statuses, for example at the end of the trial, when Atticus leaves, the entire black balcony show their respect for him by getting to their feet as their fathers passing. When the Finches return home they found the kitchen table was loaded with food enough to bury the whole family as tokens of appreciations from the black community. Many others within the community show Atticus a great deal of respect. For example, Judge John Taylor thinks so much of him that he pointed at him and said Youre it. Even within his community, although he is highly respected, he seems to represent a minority. He seems to be known for his controversial views as his [being] chosen to defend that buy was no accident. This comment suggests that Judge Taylor knew that the greatest chance he could give Tom Robinson was to give him a lawyer like Atticus Finch, who would truly believe in his case and try to fight the case so thoroughly that Tom Robinson might have a chance for acquittal. Through the novel, although Atticus portrays many of Harper Lees main ethical points, he does not reveal his real skills at his profession until almost the end of the book. We are given a miniscule glimpse of his lawyer side, when Jem realises he had been done by the oldest lawyers trick on records. But his talent for his job is truly revealed in the court scene where he delivers a compelling case, with an even more compelling speech to conclude. And from these, it is plain to see that this case affects him personally. Also in his closing speech, Atticus unbuttoned his vest, unbuttoned his collar, loosened his tie, and took off his coat; all things that Scout never saw him do, before or since. This shows that he seemed to make an exception for this case, as it is important to him. Through the court case, we see Atticuss skilful cross-examination of each witness. As he asks each question, he already seems to know the answer even before it is said. This allows him to set out his case in a logical and methodical manner, thereby leaving no reasonable doubt in anyones mind about the case. One can tell that Atticus is devoted to his job, as he seems to have an answer to every possible reason for Tom Robinsons conviction. Also, one can see a great deal about Atticuss nature in the way he treats his witnesses. For example, he treats Mayella Ewell with a great deal of respect. He does not try to intimidate any of his witnesses. He knows that he can make his case purely with the power of truth. This is shown in many ways, for example, he is normally sitting down when he questions his witness. This implies that he does not feel the need to overpower his witnesses and pressure them in any way. Atticus does not seem to think that any of the witnesses are inferior to the others; he gives them all the same amount of respect and courtesy. Whereas Mr Gilmer refers to Bob and Mayella as Mister and Miss Ewell, but he refers to Tom as boy showing that he feels that Tom is inferior to him. Atticus treats all of his witnesses as equal, he does not give Tom Robinson more respect just because he is fighting the case for him. Although Atticus plays a very important role in the development of the plot in To Kill a Mockingbird, he also embodies many of Harper Lees philosophies and moral views about life. Throughout the novel, Atticus remains steadfast in holding on to the things he believes to be correct while still respecting other peoples views. For example, he is always extremely courteous to Mrs. Dubose although she is constantly criticising him for his beliefs and actions. Atticus also tries to teach Scout the simple yet profound lesson that you never really understand a person until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. Through the novel, he himself seems to adhere to this philosophy, and because he lives through his philosophies, he never becomes too judgemental or moralistic. All through the novel, Atticus maintains that although every other person may not believe in his cause, he must still persevere in working towards it. He feel that Simply because [they were] licked a hundred years before [they] started is no reason for [them] not to try to win. He feels that as he fights Tom Robinsons case, he is moving his community towards justice. This tiny movement is explained to Jem and Scout by Miss Maudie who said, Were making a step- its just a baby step, but its a step. Atticus is very self-assured and he never doubts himself, and is confident enough to tread his own path even if it is directly contradictory to those who he admires or respects. Also, although his opinions may conflict with other peoples, Atticus can still see the better side in them, and respect them for their qualities, while allowing them their own viewpoint without trying to make them change their minds. Throughout the novel, one important facet of Atticuss character is revealed to us, another of his philosophies through which he lives his life. He is a man who always sticks to what he believes, no matter what the company, situation or consequences. He has a very strong conscience, which does not allow him to be two faced in any way. He says that he could not live one way in town and another way in my home. Through this, he shows that although his work and personal life is separate, he himself will not change, as he cannot be two faced. One of the important ideas of the novel is first proposed by the title, then expanded, and clarified by Atticus is the idea that it is a sin to kill a mockingbird. Atticus only mentions this in the passing, but it contains a very important message, which Atticus wishes to convey to his children. He uses it as both a metaphor and as a literal statement as it is brought up when the children are learning to shoot. He tries to open their eyes to all those such as Tom Robinson and Boo Radley, who dont eat up peoples gardensdont do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Lee reminds us that one of the main themes of this book is prejudice, in any of its forms. Atticus himself comes across as a man with little or no preconceptions and prejudices of his own. His views on the prejudice so prominent in his society were very contrary to most peoples at the time of the novels publication (only two years after the Civil Rights Act was passed, and the year the Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated). Through the development of the novel, we are never told anything about Atticuss religious belief, except that he is a churchgoer. This is very interesting, as religion seems to be quite a controversial topic in Maycomb, with its many different churches. This shows that Atticus, although a religious man, is not blinkered or drawn into prejudice because of it. Although Atticus Finch is a good human being, he too, like all the others has his weaknesses; he cannot comprehend just how evil human beings can be. This is shown when he shrugs of Bob Ewells threat that, hed get him if it took him the rest of his life. He refused to believe that Bob Ewell could pose him or his family danger and this ultimately turns out to be the cause of Jems broken arm. Through the novel, I feel that Atticus Finch provides the solid base upon which Harper Lee builds her story and her develops her ideas. She expresses some intense emotions through him, both in what he says and does. He is a teacher, in many senses, he teaches his children about life, and how to live, his community about their own prejudices and injustices, and most importantly, he teaches us about our world by allowing us an insight into a microcosm in which the injustices are highly emphasised in his fight to eradicate them.

Taj Mahal - An Artist's view Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Taj Mahal - An Artist's view - Research Paper Example The Taj Mahal is considered a symbol of love, an architectural marvel, and as a symbol of the Mughal Empire. It has found expression in the poetry and art of numerous poets and artists. The Noble laureate Rabindranath Tagore has described it â€Å"like a solitary tear suspended on the cheek of time†. The Taj Mahal is India’s foremost tourist’s destination. The Taj Mahal was constructed in a span of 16 years (1632-1648 AD), employing about 20,000 workers, in an area of 17 hectares. After the construction of Taj Mahal was over other buildings and structures of the complex such as the mosque, the mosque’s replica, main gate and the garden were developed. When the Taj Mahal was built it had a flowing river Yamuna passing through its foot. But, now, the Taj stands near the Yamuna which is polluted and has shrunk to some extent. The Taj building now shows some signs of ageing, but it still stands out as a magnificent building with its original beauty and grandeur. Looking at Taj Mahal from a long distance across the Yamuna River, the Taj appears as a distinct structure in a crowded city. The first view of Taj from outside gives the impression of a white structure that is delicate, superfine, not of this world, an exquisite beauty, and eternal. There is a feeling, if this large structure that it is, really true and existing! All other structures available in the Taj complex are supportive, are in line with the bilateral symmetry and style, so the entire complex merges into oneness. The Taj complex is spread in the vast area of sprawling Mughal Garden of nearly 17 hectares, surrounded by high security wall built around it with four entrances. The main gate is situated in the southern side of the complex. With the southern main gate as a reference point, the Taj is located in the north of the garden, and further to the north is the river Yamuna. The placement of Taj Mahal in the north of the garden, instead of the center, gives

Ethics in Auditing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ethics in Auditing - Research Paper Example An auditor is a business professional with the responsibility to assess various features of an organization, individual actions or project implementation to ascertain that resources are used efficiently, which includes finances, labour, inputs and any other factor of production that may affect business efficiency as well as the authenticity of the financial accounts of the business. The auditor is expected to provide an audit report with recommendations concerning the amendment of inaccurate entries and situations that may negatively affect the organization. Auditors are expected to adhere to professional ethics and in a manner that promotes the organization’s well-being. This paper focuses on ethical standards in auditing and why those standards are important. It also highlights ethical auditing violations and how they can be avoided. Ethical Standards in Auditing McWilliams & Nahavandi (2006) highlight the code of ethics in auditing whereby ethical standards and expectations need to be adhered to with regards to the conduct of individuals and organizations in an audit process. Auditors need to be morally responsible for their actions in the process of auditing and need to understand their impact on the future of the organization. An audit report may lead to improvement of business competitiveness, but on the other hand it may also result in dire consequences such as termination of contracts, employment, fines and lawsuits. Professional ethics is therefore an important component in auditing. Public confidence is achieved through adherence to good code of ethics, which reflects effectiveness and efficiency. Ethical standards give an organization and the public the reassurance needed with regards to risk control and effectiveness (Beauchamp & Bowie, 2010). Auditors are expected to maintain integrity in their actions, which is an important indicator of trustworthiness and hence the reliability of their findings and final conclusion. According to McWilliams & Nahavandi (2006), auditors need to observe the values of independence, impartiality in their judgement, high moral standards with regards to professional demeanour as well as unconditional honesty in their activities. Conflict of interest is a vice that needs to be avoided in auditing since it may lead to biased results. Fear or favour may also influence the outcome of auditing since the auditor may avoid certain aspects that may help unveil important loopholes through which organizational efficiency is likely to be lost. Auditors need to exercise unmatched standards of even-handedness, honesty and ethical behaviour. They need to accomplish their work with uprightness, meticulousness and accountability while observing the law (Jamal, 2004). They are obligated to make disclosures stipulated by the law and in line with professional obligations. They should avoid situations that may unintentionally lead them to be party to any unlawful activity or get involved in actions that are di sreputable to the auditing profession or to a business. Howieson (2003) notes that auditors need to demonstrate respect for the work of fellow auditors whether in the same or different organization and also recognize their distinct capabilities are areas of competency. Respect for other players in the audit profession promotes good work relations and possibility of future collaborations. Objectivity is the frame of mind

BEFORE THE LAW - TRANSLATED BY WILLA AND EDWIN MUIR Term Paper

BEFORE THE LAW - TRANSLATED BY WILLA AND EDWIN MUIR - Term Paper Example The gatekeeper never helps the man from the country in a way ultimately beneficial to the man. Even though he knows, the gatekeeper never tells the man from the country that the gate was made just for the man and allows the man to grow old and infirm before revealing the gatekeeper will shut the door on him. The gatekeeper tells the man from the country that it is possible the man may gain entry one day, but it is never revealed how this might occur. It is never stated that the fleas actually speak to the gatekeeper on the man’s behalf. The more powerful gatekeepers inside do not interact with anyone. Therefore, the common theme that runs throughout this story is the lack of mutually beneficial cooperation among the characters regardless of the scenario. I remember a class in psychology I took at the University of Illinois. A student teacher chose a woman and I to participate in an experiment. The woman and I could not converse among ourselves before or during the experiment. I went first. I was to bid either 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. The woman was to follow my bid with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. We did this 5 times and our responses were marked down side by side. If either her bid or my bid was higher than the other person’s bid, the higher bidder got that amount in dollars. Thus, for example, if I bid 5 and she bid 2, I got $3.00. After I bid first 5 times we repeated the experiment with her going first 5 times. The actual result was that as first bidder, I bid 5 each time for 5 times and she bid 5 each time as well. So I got nothing. When she bid first, she bid 5 and I followed with a bid of 5 each time. It was the same result and she got nothing. Finished, we wondered what this was all about. The student teacher pointed out that if the woman and I had silently cooperated with each other we could have both prospered. Whenever I bid 5, if she bid 0 each of the 5 times I would have gotten $25.

Parliament of Pakistan

Parliament of Pakistan Parliament of Pakistan The Parliament of Pakistan, formally termed the Majlis-e-Shoora is the elected and incomparable authoritative group of Pakistan. It is a bicameral elected council that comprises of the Senate and the National Assembly, the upper and more level houses, individually. As stated by the constitution, the President of Pakistan is likewise a part of the Parliament. The National Assembly is chosen for a five-year term on the premise of grown-up establishment and small time one-vote. The residency of a Member of the National Assembly is for the length of time of the house, or sooner, on the off chance that the Member kicks the bucket or leaves. The residency of the National Assembly likewise arrives at an end if broke up on the counsel of the Prime Minister or by the president in his watchfulness under the Constitution. The Parliament meets at the Parliament House assembling in Islamabad, where debating chambers for both houses are available. National Assembly The National Assembly of Pakistan is the easier house of the parliament. The National Assembly has 342 seats, 272 of which are straightforwardly chosen, 60 are saved for ladies and a further 10 for religious minorities. The National Assembly of Pakistan is the nations sovereign authoritative body. It exemplifies the will of the individuals to let themselves be legislated under the fair, multi-party Federal Parliamentary System. The National Assembly makes laws for the Federation in admiration of the forces listed in the Federal Legislative rundown. Through its civil arguments, suspension movement, question hour and Standing Committees, the National Assembly keeps as check over the Executive and guarantees that the administration capacities inside the parameters set out in the Constitution and does not abuse the crucial privileges of nationals. Just the National Assembly, through its Public Accounts Committee, examines open using and activities control of use caused by the administrat ion. The Members of the National Assembly are to be chosen by immediate and free vote as per law. Article 50 of the Constitution gives that the Parliament of Pakistan might comprise of president and the two houses known as the National Assembly and the Senate. The National Assembly has an edge over the Senate by enacting solely on cash matters. With special case to cash bills, be that as it may, both the houses cooperate to complete the essential work of the Parliament, i.e. law making. The bill identifying with the Federal Legislative List could be started in either house. On the off chance that the house passed the bill through greater part vote, it might be transmitted to the next house. On the off chance that the other house passes it without alteration, it might be displayed to the president for consent. On the off chance that the bill, transmitted to the next house, is not passed inside ninety days or rejected, it might be acknowledged in a joint sitting to be summoned by the president on the solicitation of the house in which the bill was begun. On the off chance that the bill is passed in the joint sitting, with or without corrections, by the votes of greater part of the parts of the two houses, it should be introduced to the president for consent. In the event that the bill is exhibited to the president for consent, he might consent to the bill in not later than ten days. On the off chance that it is not a cash charge, the president may give back where its due to the Majlis-e-Shoora with a message asking for that the bill be rethought and that an alteration specified in the message be acknowledged. The Majlis-e-Shoora might rethink the bill in a joint sitting. In the event that the bill is passed once more, with or without correction, by vote of most of the parts present and voting, it might be displayed to the president and the president should give his consent inside ten days; falling flat which such consent might be regarded to have been given. Under the Constitution, the Parliament might likewise administer for two or more Provinces by assent and solicitation made by those Provinces. In the event that the Federal Government broadcasts State of Emergency in any region, the ability to enact about that territory is vested in the Parliament. Anyway the bills passed by the Parliament throughout the State of Emergency, should stop to be in energy after the termination of six months from the date Emergency is lifted. In any case, the steps officially taken under these Acts might remain substantial. In activities of its sacred part, the Parliament likewise has other extremely paramount obligations to perform. The president, who is at the summit, is chosen by parts of both houses of the Parliament and the Provincial Assemblies. The Prime Minister, who heads the Cabinet and is intended to support and prompt the president in his capacities, fits in with the National Assembly. He delights in the trust of most of the parts of the National Assembly. Parts of the Cabinet are named by the president on the exhortation of the PM. In the structuring of the Cabinet the significant allotment (75%), goes to National Assembly while the rest (25%) are taken from the Senate. There is a majority rule strategy to evacuate the Prime Minister from his office in the event that he loses certainty of most of the parts of the National Assembly. In this appreciation a determination for a vote of no-trust is moved by at least 20% of the aggregate participation of the National Assembly. In the event that the determination is passed by dominant part of the aggregate participation of the National Assembly, the Prime Minister instantly surrendered forces. Essentially, for the evacuation or prosecution of the president, at the very least one-50% of the aggregate participation of either house may give in thinking of its proposition to do in this way, to the Speaker National Assembly, or, as the case may be, to the Chairman Senate, for moving a determination for the reason. In a joint sitting of the two houses, assembled for the rea son, and after the considerations, if the determination is passed by the votes of at least two thirds of the aggregate enrollment of the Parliament, the president should stop to hold office promptly on passing of this resolution. In case emergency is proclaimed, the Parliament holds the authority to extend the term of the National Assembly. Under the Constitution, the Parliament may also, on the request of the Federal Government, by law, confer functions upon officers or authorities subordinate to the Federal Government. Senate The fundamental reason for the making of the Senate of Pakistan was to give meet representation to all the uniting units since the participation of the National Assembly was dependent upon the number of inhabitants in every region. Square with common participation in the Senate, therefore, adjusts the commonplace imbalance in the National Assembly and scatters questions and worry, if any, in regards to hardship and misuse. The part of the Senate is to push national union and concordance and to mitigate reasons for alarm of the more diminutive areas in regards to command by any one region in light of its lions share, in the National Assembly. The Senate, is a body which speaks to the regions/domains of the nation and pushes an inclination of equity, peace and agreement, which is so fundamental for the development and thriving of a country. Therefore, the Senate in Pakistan, through the years, has developed as a vital organ and a stabilizing component of the organization. The Senate co mprises of 100 parts, of whom 14 parts are chosen by every Provincial Assembly, 8 parts are chosen from Federally Administered Tribal Areas (Fatas) by the Members of National Assembly from these territories, 2 parts, 1 lady and 1technocrat is chosen from the Federal Capital by the Members of National Assembly, 4 ladies and 4 Technocrats are chosen by the parts of every Provincial Assembly. The separation of seats apportioned to every Province, Federally Administered Tribal Areas (Fatas), Federal Capital, Women and Ulema/Technocrats. It is the obligation of the Chief Election Commissioner to hold and make plans for the Senate decisions as per the arrangement of relative representation by method for a solitary transferable vote through constituent schools. The term of the parts of the Senate is 6 years. In any case, the term of the first gathering of the Senators, who should resign after consummation of initial 3 years of the Senate, is dictated by drawing of parts by the Chief Electi on Commissioner. Presidential framework A presidential framework is a republican arrangement of government where a head of government is additionally head of state and leads an official limb that is divided from the administrative extension. The official is chosen and frequently titled president and is not capable to the lawmaking body and cant, in typical circumstances, dismissit. The assembly may have the right, in compelling cases, to release the official, regularly through prosecution. Nonetheless, such rejections are seen as so extraordinary (just two United States presidents were indicted, and none, of these case prompted evacuation) as not to repudiate a focal precept of presidentialism, that in ordinary circumstances utilizing typical methods the council cant reject the official. The title president has continued from a period when such individual by and by managed the legislature body, as with the US President of the Continental Congress, before the official capacity was part into a separate limb of government and could no more direct the authoritative body. Presidential frameworks are various and differing, however the accompanying are by and large correct: The official can veto administrative acts and, thusly, a supermajority of administrators may override the veto. The veto is by and large determined from the British convention of illustrious consent in which a demonstration of parliament must be authorized with the consent of the ruler. The president has an altered term of office. Decisions are held at general times and cant be activated by avote of trust or other parliamentary systems. In spite of the fact that in a few nations there is an exemption, which accommodates the evacuation of a president who is found to have transgressed against a law. The official extension is unipersonal. Parts of the bureau serve at the joy of the president and must do the strategies of the official and authoritative extensions. Bureau priests or official departmental heads are not parts of the governing body. Then again, presidential frameworks regularly require administrative regard of official assignments to the bureau, legal, and different more level legislative posts. A president by and large can administer parts of the bureau, military, or any officer or worker of the official limb, however cant regulate or reject judges. The president can regularly exonerate or drive sentences of indicted crooks. Nations that characteristic a presidential arrangement of government are not the selective clients of the title of President. For instance, a tyrant, who might have been prominently or genuinely chosen may be and regularly is known as a president. Similarly, pioneers of one-gathering states are regularly called presidents. Most parliamentary republics have presidents, yet this position is to a great extent stately; eminent cases includegermany, India, Ireland, Israel and Italy. The title is likewise utilized within parliamentary republics with an official presidency, and additionally in semi-presidential framework Parliamentary vs Presidential system Saturday, February 02, 2013 It is first time in the historical backdrop of Pakistan that the Parliament will finish its residency. Since races are a couple of weeks away, political gatherings are dependent upon their regular traps and contrivances. The PML-N had moved a determination in the Punjab gathering for creation of two new territories in Punjab Bahawalpur and South Punjab. The PPP has turned out with thought of Bahawalpur-South Punjab territory, which will incorporate Mianwali and Dera Ghazi Khan. Indeed, both significant gatherings are attempting to charm individuals of South Punjab who had been disregarded and ignored throughout the most recent six decades. In any case, by making new areas and making all territories sort of equivalent in size of the populace, presidential framework could be perfect. Pioneers fromsouthern Punjab feel that with new territories they will have the opportunity to revel in the advantages and benefits of gubernatorial work places, and will have the capacity to arrange with the real political gatherings to get their offer of cake. In any case, more diminutive gatherings will be in a position to deal with or coercion the significant gatherings, as is evident by the weight strategies of the MQM, JUI-F, PML-Q and PML-F. It was in this background that there were voices in the past for a presidential type of government. In any case the defenders of parliamentary framework cited Quaid-i-Azam to demonstrate their point that he positively had confidence in elected parliamentary framework. They additionally alluded to the comments made in Hamood-ur-Rehman Commission Report that framing of One-unit, standard of equality, unitary type of government and arrangement of fundamental popular governments were the purposes behind estranging the individuals of more modest regions that prompted deterioration of Pakistan. Truly both frameworks parliamentary and presidential-are equitable frameworks that are very fruitful in European nations and the US separately. Both frameworks have great focuses; however in a nation like Pakistan where combining units have diverse ethnicities, dialects and societies, the more diminutive unifying units think about the presidential framework as an exertion to endeavor and overwhelm them. The individuals of more diminutive territories however feel that under parliamentary framework there is chance for the provincial gatherings to make it to the top space in the region. In 1990s, Mr. Manzoor Wattoo with just 17 parts out of 240 parts was electeds the Chief Minister of Punjab. However there are a few bad marks of parliamentary framework. Unending political changes, the wheeling and managing of chose parts of the parliament for individual increase, livens and benefits of force, making dominant part party prisoner to a minority gathering are to name the few. In this framework, parts of the gathering chose by the individuals thusly choose the Leader of the House, implying that it is an aberrant decision of the head administrator. Actually when a gathering increases a clearmajority, the administration is helpless to parts and rebellions, requiring re-arrangements or re-races. Indeed in the settled in majority rules system, the way Margaret Thatcher was changed mid method for her residency by the decision gathering is a for example. In Pakistan, no less than seven executives took pledge and none of them finished the residency. Likewise from 1988 to 1999, the PPP and Muslim League were twice come back to power, however none could finish the residency because of their prejudice towards to one another, and were sent pressing under 58-2(b). It ought to be clear to any understudy of history or political science that political frameworks were developed in venture with evolving conditions; hence, it was vital that its political setup was interested in change. It is a certain certainty that from the tribal and feudal ages, with their own particular curious political frameworks of authority, tribal Jirga, and autocracies, the world has advanced to the present popularity based request dependent upon the arrangement of small time one-vote, and the chose legislatures of settled residencies. At the end of the day, the phase of advancement, apparatuses and modes of processing decided the manifestation of government. On the off chance that the pioneers with the vested investment or decision classes attempted to stem the change, there was monetary turbulence, social change and insurgency. In seventeenth-century England, the exchanging group manufactured solidarity in its positions to wage a battle against unquestionably the forces of the ruler and impact of the church. The nation was primed for change for another request, which conceived the Industrial Revolution. The Westminster model of parliamentary majority rule government may well be said to be the first of the present day frameworks that advanced, as the new classes connected with the business economy developed. This British model was best case scenario a trade off model after teeter-totter fights had been battled between the royalists of the British privileged and the delegates of the rising new classes. It was a framework that at long last gave individuals the right to choose the Lower House parts and government, while holding the King as head of state, and the House of Lords as the upper House where the nations genetic feudal delegates sat on the premise of their titles. The framework is effective in England, as the nation is created, and the framework coddles the needs at home and abroad. It must be specified that vote based system was side effect of the industrialist framework visualized after the Industrial Revolution. There are, without a doubt, a few benefits of presidential type of government, for example, The framework permits the president to select his group that in his perspective is the best suited and most equipped for the occupation. In any case, in a creating nation like Pakistan, generally unremarkable persons are chosen on the premise of their clout as a jagirdar or tribal pioneer. Also, once chose by an acceptable greater part, the authenticity of the president both good and protected is not in debate; and unless arraigned he finishes the residency. Heroes of this framework accept that it serves as a rampart against interminable political changes, permits stable working of government and a serene change of political force. In Pakistan, unless remainders of feudalism, jagirdari framework and tribalism are carried out away with, there is no trust that either of the two frameworks could work. However who will chime the feline?

Odysseus in The Hero and the Goddess and Calypso and Circe :: Goddess Calypso

Odysseus in The Hero and the Goddess and Calypso and Circe    Reflections on the experience of Odysseus as related to Jean Houston's The Hero and the Goddess: The Odyssey as Mystery and Initiation and Alicia LeVan's Calypso and Circe  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the lush, luxuriant island of Ogygia, Odysseus spends seven years of his ten year journey home with the beautiful seductive nymph Calypso, who virtually possesses him and compels him to live a sensual but vegetative existence.   For ten years, surrounded by men, he lived out the male heroic ideal of warrior, then spent several years further testing himself against otherworldly obstacles. In the process, he lost all of his companions, and has nothing left but the little that remains of himself. Here on Calypso's isle, he lives in paradise:    "Thick, luxuriant woods grew round the cave, alders, and black poplars, pungent cypress too, and there, birds roosted, folding their long wings, owls and hawks and the spread beaked ravens of the sea, black skimmers who make their living off the waves. And round the mouth of the cavern trailed a vine laden with clusters, bursting with ripe grapes. Four springs in a row, bubling clear and cold, running side-by-side, took channels left and right. Soft meadows spreading round were starred with violets, lush with beds of parsley. Why, even a deathless god who came upon that place would gaze in wonder, heart entranced with pleasure. Homer, The Odyssey, V:71-82, Fagles translation       Odysseus is now embraced by Mother Earth, in all her verdant fertility, and also living deep within caverns that are only reminiscent of the womb. For seven years, Calypso protects him from Poseidon's wrath. As the devoted and devouring mother, AND the seductive and engulfing mistress/lover, she is both what men most desire, and most fear.    Alicia LeVan wrote: Perhaps the 'necessity' he has for unity with the feminine, coupled with his yearning for home, (an embodiment of the feminine principle representing relationship, community, cooperation, and non-aggression) represents a need for integration of the feminine principle within his psyche after years of functioning in war, with the constant testosterone of destroying, killing, raping and surviving in the most   inhumane, strife torn, blood drenched, barren plains of Troy. After ten years of functioning as a killer and destroyer,he must heal his numbness and desensitivity by connecting with his feelings.

Pushing Too Hard

Problems in Youth Athletic Problems in Youth Athletics One of the greatest feelings a parent can experience is watching a child excel in an activity. Rightfully so, many parents encourage children to perform well in sports. The problems start when the encouragement begins to go too far. Many parents and coaches toady exceed the boundaries of encouragement, and enter a realm of abuse. A lot of this behavior will start when a parent of coach believes that they are mentoring the next superstar athlete. When parents and coaches start to look at children as major prospects the problems in youth athletics begin to become major issues. In the 1950’s youth athletic programs began to grow quickly all over the United States. Today millions of children participate in organized youth sports programs. These programs were set out to help develop the skills of the youth not only in sports but in life as well. Also, an important focus of the youth leagues was for the children to have fun. In the past few years, the focus of the youth leagues has been changed by the parents and coaches due to the focus on performance and winning. Children are being introduced to competitive play at an earlier age than ever before. Some of the youth leagues have children competing as early as age four. Today many children are expected to play one sport all year long through various leagues. A commitment of this level is not good for young children. There are many problems that come along with pushing children too hard in competitive sports. â€Å"Burnout† is one of the biggest problems a young athlete can experience during youth sports. Burnout is also known as overtraining syndrome. According to the Childrens Memorial Hospital, â€Å"burnout, or overtraining is a condition in which an athlete experiences fatigue and declining performance in his/her sport despite continuing or increased training. †(2002). There are many factors that can lead to burnout in a young athlete today. Burnout can be caused by pressure to perform at a high level, from parents and coaches. Parents pushing children through excessive training will also contribute to burnout. Excessive training can be seen as parents pushing children to play only one sport, and play that sport all year long. Burnout does not just mean that a young athlete does not want to play sports any longer, but also has other repercussions. Childrens Memorial Hospital states that symptoms of burnout can also include muscle and joint pain, fatigue, and weight loss among other symptoms. (2009). For many young athletes burnout will cause them to quit sports all together. This is becoming a major issue with children in their early teens. Cary stated that some eighteen million children stopped participating in team sports in 2002. (2004). This is a very disappointing number considering how many of those children loved the sports they played at one time. Burnout causes many talented players to quit playing just because they do not enjoy sports any longer. As parents and coaches continue to become more aggressive toward youth sports, injuries to the participatants are on the rise. The old saying, practice makes perfect may be true but, overuse can also cause injury to young athletes. As more children are pushed into participating in just one sport, and often on a year round schedule, doctors are seeing more overuse injuries. The National Alliance for Youth Sports stated that Dr. James Andrews, and orthopedic surgeon, is seeing four times as many overuse injuries than he did in the last five years. (2010). A good example of overuse is in youth baseball travel teams. A talented pitcher is asked to pitch in thirty or more games in a season. They would also have the young child practicing year round. The pitchers at the professional level are not asked to pitch that much in a season to prevent injury. The children are not protected from overuse but the professionals are. When a parent or coach asks a young athlete to perform at a level that even the professionals are protected from, it is just a matter of time before a child will sustain an injury. When youth sport began the programs were brought about with great intentions. Children were supported by positive role models and learned teamwork, but most of all had fun learning to play a game with their friends. It has been shown that parents and coaches are taking the fun out of youth athletics. Many of the parents want to believe that children will have more fun if they are the best at the sport they play. Overtraining a child has shown that children stop having fun and no longer care to play sports. The schedule and intense training that many children are being pushed into are causing many children to give up on sports. Most children want to start participating in youth sports because â€Å"They want to have a good time, make friends, and learn something new. † (Stenson 2004). â€Å"Avery Faigenbaum, an associate professor of exercise science at the University of Massachusetts in Boston asks kids who have quit why they are no longer interested in sports their typical response: â€Å"It is not fun anymore. †. (Stenson 2004) This helps prove that pushing kids too hard in sports will only take the fun out of the game. When the children do not want to play any longer then all of the time invested in over training children will not benefit anyone. When parents and coaches take the fun out of sports the children will not learn teamwork, and will have lower self-esteem. Childr en should be able to enjoy sports and gain all of the benefits from playing games they love. Actions must be taken to resolve the problems in youth sports. The children are the ones getting hurt in the process of parents and coaches pushing too hard in youth athletics. As children begin to quit playing sports they become more susceptible to bad influences and poor decision making. Without playing sports, children will become less physically active. Children that are not physically active will have a greater risk of becoming obese. Kids that are obese at a young age have more health risks as they get older. When the children that have dropped out of youth athletics get older the poor decision making can really take effect. Without the positive influence that a team sport can have on children, they will be more likely to try using drugs. Children using drugs will only lead to more problems and other illegal activity. Parents are a large problem in youth athletics. Many parents have turned watching their children play into something more serious that it really is. According to Parade, there was a case where a woman assaulted an eleven year old boy who was rooting for the team her son was playing against. (2005). There have been many time that parents and coaches have made children continue to pitch in a little league baseball game even though the child was complaining that their arm was hurting. One of the worst cases of parents going too far over youth athletics came at a hockey practice. Two parents were involved in a fight and one of the men was beaten to death during the altercation. Children should never be witness to these kinds of actions, especially during participation of a sporting event. Coaches can be just as big of a problem as parents in youth athletics. Many youth coaches want to win no matter what it takes. Coaches have been seen screaming at children when they make a mistake. They have been seen pushing and even hitting kids during a practice or game. Coaches are the ones who set out overly demanding practice schedules. It seems as though many coaches have forgotten what it really means to be a coach. The focus of youth athletics today needs to shift to fixing the problems in Youth athletics. Parents and coaches have to stop trying to live their dreams through the children they mentor. There are a few people who understand that changes must be made in youth athletics. Some organizations have begun to start up with the vision of teaching parents and coaches how to be positive role models in children’s sports. The National Alliance for Youth Sports has certified over two million youth coaches. (Cary 2004). The Positive Coaching Alliance is a training program that teaches parents and coaches to be positive. The famous National Basketball Association coach, Phil Jackson found the ideas of the PCA to also be effective at the professional level. (Cary 2004). These programs are just a good beginning to changing the way youth athletics are ran across the United States. One of the best programs to improve youth athletics started in the state of Maine. The program is called Sports Done Right. According to Parade, it is a program led by Duke Albanese and Robert Cobb. The SDR program marks parents and coaches as the two biggest problems in youth sports. The program requires that parents of children in youth athletics go to training sessions on behavior at sporting events. The parents also have to sign a compact to abide by a higher standard of sportsmanship. (2005). If improvements are to be made in any youth sports program has to be a main focus. The Sports Done Right Program is on coaching as well. Sports Done Right recommends compensation based on their level of training. †(Parade 2005). Coaches that are trained in the correct ways to motivate and teach children see improvements in their abilities. As parents and coaches receive proper training in dealing with youth athletics, the children participating will have more fun playing sports. As with many things in life, youth sports have drifted away from the original intentions . Youth sports organizations began as a way for children to stay busy and stay out of trouble. Sports gave children role models to look up to. Children will always benefit from the physical activities required by participating in organized sports. It is a shame that children are overworked too early and too often in sports so parents and coaches can try to relive their childhood dreams. The parents should let the children work on their dreams at their own pace. Youth athletics can have a major impact on a child’s life. It is the responsibility of the parents and coaches to ensure that the children they mentor are having a positive experience when participating in youth sports. The parents should focus on youth athletics is a fun experience with an opportunity to learn new skills and life lessons. Everyone knows that winning is fun, but winning should not be the number on goal in sports. It is time to take back youth sports for the children, and just let them play. References Cary, Peter. (2004). U. S. Fixing kid’s sports: rescuing children’s games from crazed coaches. News and World Report. Retrieved From http://www. alcdsb. on. ca/~regiath/cats/articles/FixingKidsSports. df National Alliance for Youth Sports. (2010). Overdoing it. Retrieved From http://www. nays. org/fullstory. cfm? articleid=10303 Parade. (2005). Who’s killing kids’ sports? Retrieved From http://www. parade. com/articles/editions/2005/edition_08-07-2005/featured_0 Stenson, Jacqueline. (2004). Pushing too hard too young. Retrieved From http://portal. northbayyouthsoccerclub. com/Clubs/portals/InnisfilSoccerclub/Medi a/Image/Articles/tt_pushing. pdf If you need to type anything after the reference list then start it on this page

The Battles of the French and Indian War

The Battles of the French and Indian War The battles of the French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years War,  were fought around the globe making the conflict the first truly global war. While fighting began in North America, it soon spread and consumed Europe and colonies as far-flung as India and the Philippines. In the process, names such as Fort Duquesne, Rossbach, Leuthen, Quebec, and Minden joined the annals of military history. While armies sought supremacy on land, the combatants fleets met in notable encounters such as Lagos and Quiberon Bay. By the time the fighting ended, Britain had gained an empire in North America and India, while Prussia, though battered, had established itself as a power in Europe. French Indian/Seven Years War Battles: By Theater Year 1754 Battle of Fort Necessity/Great Meadows - North America 1755 Battle of the Monongahela - North AmericaBattle of Lake George - North America 1757 Battle of Plassey - IndiaSiege of Fort William Henry - North America 1758 Siege of Louisbourg - North AmericaBattle of Carillon - North America 1759 Battle of Fort Niagara - North AmericaBattle of Quebec - North AmericaBattle of Quiberon Bay - Europe 1763 Pontiacs Rebellion - North America

Tolstoy and his message essays

Tolstoy and his message essays Leo Tolstoy is one of the greatest writers of the last two hundred years. His novels tend to convey an insight on life; whether it be about suffering, death, religion, art, or education. Tolstoy was a man with many strong beliefs, and one must understand these beliefs to fully understand the meaning of his works. He was a deeply religious moral philosopher who used his religious beliefs to shape our understanding on issues of life. He stresses the inequality of social classes and, as apparent in The Death of Ivan Ilyich, the suffering in life. Tolstoy was so strong in his beliefs that he actually attempted giving away his material possessions. He believed that that this practice was necessary to live in accordance with his moral and religious views. To fully grasp Tolstoys message, one must examine his views on religion, art, and life. Religion is the most important subject to look at with Tolstoy because it shapes his views on the other topics. He followed a list of religious principles that he found important during his life. These principles included avoiding anger and lust, neither taking oaths or resisting evil, and loving everyone including your enemies. Tolstoy found that these characteristics were displayed best in peasant life and not in the aristocracy. For this reason, he lived many years of his life dressing as a peasant and helping those who were less fortunate. He set up a school at his estate, Yasnaya Polyana, and chose not to indulge in the luxuries of life. His belief in his principles were so strong that he eventually spoke out against the Russian Orthodox which led to his excommunication in 1901. In his essay, What is Religion?, Tolstoy writes, True religion is that relationship, in accordance with reason and knowledge, which man establishes with the infinite world around him, and which binds h is life to that infinity and guides his actions (Reader p. 320). ...

MBO program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MBO program - Essay Example Employees are also made to understand how their individual contributions influence overall success of business objectives. Drucker and other management experts have identified six steps in the MBO process. The first step is Motivation, whereby employee's inputs are considered and respected in setting goals for each individual. The keywords during this step are 'empowerment', 'job satisfaction' and 'commitment'. By involving themselves directly in the goal setting process, it is believed that employees will show more commitment to the success of the organization. The next step of the process is about ensuring that proper communication and coordination exists between managers and employees so that performance reviews are conducted in an open and transparent manner. By making the goals clear both management and workers can be expected to be on the same page. The six steps involved in MBO can be summarized as follows: Setting the overall business goals; Setting goals pertaining to depart ments within; Deliberating within departments in order to achieve a consensus; Agreeing upon commonly understood and discussed goals; Setting goals for individual employees; and finally Monitoring performance against set goals.

Corparate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corparate finance - Essay Example The Company also had been operating in a country with under-developed stock of exchange. There has been therefore the need to carry out research to look into the ways that the firm can maintain its development to a high level. The research is therefore expected to look into an alternative capital sources for the company and analyze the impacts of dividend policy and level of debt on the value of the firm. The firm having been operating under economy with under-developed stock of exchange limited its goals towards adjustments. Risks diversification opportunities were therefore limited for the company. The company’s investment decision was influenced by high diversification costs, making it to avoid financial market use. The technological adjustment is therefore limited as the company end up choosing production technologies that are less capital intensive subject to short-term risk. The company was therefore unable to adjust up to the latest technologies which were more capital intensive. The under-developed stock exchange market prevents the company from structuring their financial packages optimally (Levine, 2002). Conflicts of interest usually exist between the managers of the firms and its suppliers and customers, and also between different firm investors. Hoad Company if having high debt levels had increased its possibility of bankruptcy sufficiently which may put them into risky projects harming their creditors. The company, if highly leveraged, could be unable to get additional credit due to incentives created by debt financing to the taking of greater risks. Availability of well-developed stock of market exchange would allow for equity issuance. This issuance would mitigate problems of incentives providing room for more borrowing to the company. Stock market has always played an important role in the provision of information. A well-developed stock markets gathers information concerning prospects of companies that had their shares traded availing